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5-6
Cisco Broadband Local Integrated Services Solution Troubleshooting Guide
OL-5169-01
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting DOCSIS Networks
Understanding Initialization States
Network Layer Configuration And Above
After ranging is successful, the modem needs additional configuration from the operational support
servers. The collection of services they provide and configure are called operational support services
(OSS).
Note At this point, the modem is functional; it could act like a bridge and be a fairly quick transmission device,
but there would be nothing in the way of administrator configuration, diagnosis, class of services,
security, privacy, or remote software upgrade capability, and therefore it would not be DOCSIS
compliant.
Establish DHCP State
MAC State --->>> 'establish_dhcp_state'
cmWriteFlashFile("CM_MACCONFIG", 0x8313db6, 0x12e) by TID 0x82eb0f8 (tConfigNV)
usrEraseSysFlash(1, 0x1e0400, 0x12e) by TID 0x82eb0f8 (tConfigNV)
.........cmWriteFlashFile("CM_DHCPLEASE", 0x810ebe4, 0x24) by TID 0x82d825c (tLease-0)
usrEraseSysFlash(1, 0x1e0200, 0x24) by TID 0x82d825c (tLease-0)
The first task in configuring the OSS is acquiring network configuration via DHCP. A broadcast DHCP
DISCOVER message is issued by the modem. Normally, routers will not forward broadcast messages,
but they can be configured to do so for a collection of UDP protocols - one of which is DHCP. If a DHCP
server responds to the DISCOVER with an OFFER, the modem may choose to send a REQUEST for the
offered configuration. The DHCP server can respond with an ACK (acknowledged) or NAK (not
acknowledged). A NAK may be a result of an incompatible IP address and gateway address, which might
occur if a modem hopped from one downstream channel to another which resides on a different subnet.
When the modem seeks renewal of the lease, the IP address and the gateway address of the DHCP
REQUEST message will be different network numbers and the DHCP server will refuse the REQUEST
with a NAK. These situations are rare and the modem will simply release the lease and start over with a
DHCP DISCOVER message.
Frequently, errors at establish_dhcp_state manifest as timeouts rather than NAKs. Troubleshooting
practices at this stage, should include:
• start at the lower layers and work up
• start locally and work towards remote possibilities
• look at the modem, before diagnosing the DHCP server via DHCP logs
The log mask 0xffff00bf used above in ranging can also help you in troubleshooting virtually all the
problems a modem might encounter in bring up stage and is a good place to start when troubleshooting
a bring-up error. The order of DHCP messages should be DISCOVER, OFFER, REQUEST, ACK. If the
modem is transmitting a DISCOVER with no OFFER response from the DHCP server, turn on UDP
debugging on the uBR, using the following command:
uBR# debug ip udp
Note If connected to the router via a telnet session or any session other than a console session, the terminal
monitor command (abbreviated term mon) is necessary to view debug messages. To turn off term mon,
use the term no mon command or simply logout.
- Cisco Broadband 1
- CONTENTS 3
- 6 Troubleshooting MTAs 6-1 6
- Contents 10
- Version 1 10
- About this Guide 11
- Document Organization 12
- Cisco Documentation Suite 13
- Document Conventions 14
- References 15
- Obtaining Documentation 16
- Documentation Feedback 16
- Submitting a Service Request 17
- Solution Overview 19
- Architectural Overview 20
- Architectural Features 21
- Operational Features 21
- OS for Bearer 22
- Solution Assumptions 23
- Specifications Supported 23
- Functional Architecture 24
- Physical Architecture 25
- Solution Components 26
- Cable Access Components 27
- Multimedia Terminal Adapters 28
- Cable Aggregation Components 31
- Cisco uBR7246VXR CMTS 32
- Cisco uBR10012 CMTS 32
- Core Switching Components 33
- Trunking Components 34
- VISM Modules 35
- PXM Modules 36
- MF/CAS Trunks 36
- ISUP Trunks 36
- Call Control Components 37
- Cisco BTS 10200 Capabilities 38
- Ancillary Servers 40
- Announcement Servers 41
- CALEA Server 42
- Solution Features 43
- Network Features 44
- Toll Free Services 45
- Tandem Service 46
- Regulatory Features 47
- Other Network Features 48
- Route Selection 49
- Policy-Based Routing 50
- Carrier-Based Routing 52
- Subscriber Features 53
- Calling Identity Features 54
- Other Restrictions 57
- General Subscriber Features 58
- Call Block (Reject Caller) 59
- Call Waiting (CW) 59
- Cancel Call Waiting (CCW) 59
- Speed Call 61
- Three-Way Calling (TWC) 62
- Default Office Service ID 63
- Cisco Network Registrar 69
- Cisco Information Center 70
- Cisco Broadband Configurator 71
- EMS Communications 72
- Troubleshooting Overview 75
- Troubleshooting Strategy 76
- General Problem-Solving Model 77
- Step 1: Define the Problem 79
- Step 2: Gather the Facts 79
- Step 4: Create an Action Plan 80
- Step 8: Resolve the Problem 81
- Step 9: Document the Solution 81
- Taking Preventive Action 83
- Scope of Troubleshooting 83
- Fault Analysis 84
- Diagnostic Commands 86
- Debug Commands 87
- Ping Command 88
- Trace Command 88
- Hardware Tools 89
- High-End Cable Testers 90
- Protocol Analyzers 92
- Network Management Systems 93
- Simulation and Modeling Tools 93
- Cisco Supplied Tools 94
- Trouble Isolation Procedures 95
- Checking Events and Alarms 96
- Show Alarm Command 97
- Event Message and Alarm Logs 98
- Event Queue 99
- Show Report-Properties 99
- Changing Report-Properties 99
- OL-5169-01 100
- Finding System Information 100
- Trouble Isolation 102
- Trouble Resolution 103
- Call Traces 104
- Component States 104
- Signaling Gateway Process 105
- Signaling Destinations 105
- Destination Point Code Status 106
- Aggregation Status 106
- Media Gateway 107
- Subscriber Termination 108
- • OOS—out of service 109
- • MAINT—maintenance 109
- • INS—in service 109
- • UEQP—unequipped 109
- Status Command 111
- Administrative State Token 112
- Operating State Token 112
- Control Commands 113
- Trunk Group 114
- Control Command 116
- Trunk Termination 117
- Reset Command 124
- Equip Command 125
- Unequip Command 126
- Understanding MGCP 128
- MGCP Commands 129
- MGCP Parameters 129
- Call Identifier (C) 130
- Connection Identifier (I) 130
- Request Identifier (X) 130
- Notified Entity (N) 130
- Local Connection Options (L) 130
- Connection Mode (M) 131
- Requested Events (R) 131
- Signal Requests (S) 132
- Digit Map (D) 133
- Observed Events (O) 133
- Connection Parameters (P) 134
- Return Codes and Error Codes 135
- Understanding SS7 136
- ISUP Signaling Messages 137
- Call Flow Analysis 139
- Call Flow Problems 141
- Voice Quality Problems 148
- Lost or Distorted Audio 149
- Starting at the MTA 150
- Dropped Calls 152
- Codec Mismatch 152
- Dial Plans 152
- DOCSIS 1.0+ 153
- Scanning Downstream Channel 155
- Wait UCD State 156
- Wait MAP State 156
- Ranging Broadcast State 156
- Ranging Unicast State 157
- Establish DHCP State 158
- Establish TOD State 159
- Security Association State 159
- Configuration File State 160
- Registration State 160
- Establish Privacy State 160
- Radio Frequency (RF) Issues 161
- Troubleshooting RF Problems 162
- Measuring RF Signals 163
- Measuring Upstream RF Signals 169
- • The public Internet 170
- Upstream Channel Congestion 176
- Downstream Channel Congestion 177
- Figure 5-9 180
- Conclusion 184
- Troubleshooting MTAs 185
- DHCP Server 186
- DNS Server 186
- Key Distribution Center 186
- Key Variables 187
- Troubleshooting Tools 188
- Troubleshooting Scenarios 189
- Motorola Surfboard 192
- Physical Interfaces 193
- Voice Features 193
- Arris MTAs 194
- Troubleshooting the CMTS 197
- Console Connections 198
- Features 199
- Classes of Service 200
- Standards 201
- Reference Documentation 201
- Table 7-1 State Values 202
- Offline State 203
- DHCP - init(d) state 209
- DHCP - init(i) state 210
- the cable modem not 212
- TOD exchange- init(t) state 213
- • online 215
- • online(pk) 215
- • online(pt) 215
- Displaying the Flap List 222
- Setting Cable Flap List Aging 226
- Command: 227
- Syntax Description: 227
- Setting Cable Flap List Size 229
- Clearing Cable Flap List 229
- Generating PRBS Test Signals 234
- Verifying Test Signal Output 234
- Using Debug Commands 241
- Interfaces 244
- Other Data Features 244
- Management Features 244
- Signaling 244
- Troubleshooting the Switch 245
- Hardware Issues 246
- Configuration Issues 247
- Traffic Issues 249
- Switch Hardware Failure 249
- Troubleshooting Serial Lines 252
- Fiber-Optic Connections 253
- Evaluating the Power Budget 253
- Managing Receiver Overload 254
- Using Bit Error Rate Tests 255
- Using Loopback Tests 258
- Media Gateway Management 261
- MGCP on Cisco IOS Software 262
- Cisco MGX8850 262
- MGX 8850 Diagnostics 263
- Command Line Interface 264
- Diagnostic Figures 265
- Shellcon commands 266
- Diagnostic Troubleshooting 267
- Troubleshooting Alarms 268
- AXSM Card Controls 271
- RPM-PR Card Controls 272
- Displaying Node Alarms 273
- Displaying Card Alarms 274
- Displaying Clock Alarms 275
- Displaying Environment Alarms 275
- Displaying Switching Alarms 276
- Displaying Crossbar Alarms 276
- PXM45x Alarm Issues 277
- Channel Alarm Commands 278
- Xbar Core Alarm 278
- Xbar Port Alarm: 278
- Xbar Slot Bandwidth Alarm 278
- Crossbar Core Alarms 278
- Crossbar Port Alarms 279
- Crossbar Bandwidth Alarms 279
- Troubleshooting the Gateways 280
- MACSAP template/profile 281
- D-Channel Is Down 282
- Data Path Troubleshooting 283
- Fax/Modem Fails 286
- COT/Testline Fails 286
- Tone Detection/Play Fails 286
- Call Control 288
- Turning on Trace Debugging 289
- Media Gateway Errors 290
- System Redundancy 290
- Troubleshooting VISM Cards 291
- VISM Card LEDs 292
- E1 Front Card 293
- VISM Display Card CLI Command 294
- PXM Display Log CLI Command 295
- VISM Alarms 296
- UNIX Snoop Trace Tool 296
- Symptoms and Solutions 297
- DSP Download Failure 299
- Physical Indicators 301
- Port LED indications 302
- VISM Logs 305
- Architecture 307
- Call Agent 308
- Terminations 308
- Components 311
- Rack Configuration 312
- Filler panel 313
- Feature Server Architecture 314
- EMS Architecture 314
- Troubleshooting 316
- Verify Alarm Status 317
- Verify Media Gateways 317
- Verify Trunk Terminations 318
- SS7-controlled Trunk Groups 319
- ISDN-controlled Trunk Groups 320
- CAS-controlled Trunk Groups 321
- Cisco BTS 10200 Failure 323
- Operating System Failure 323
- Element Management and MIBs 325
- Cisco uBR7246vxr MIBs 326
- • Amplifier degradation 329
- • Poor connections, or 329
- CISCO-DOCS-EXT-MIB.my 330
- Scheduler QoS Control Group 331
- Scheduler QoS Queue Group 331
- CMTS Upstream Group 332
- • cm(1): MTA (cable modem) 340
- DOCS-CABLE-DEVICE-MIB.my 348
- DOCS-IF-MIB.my 359
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