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Internetworking Primer A-3
Cisco Internetwork Operating System
The show version command displays the capacity of each kind of memory.
Proper operation of the access server requires the following memory configuration:
• The correct system image (Cisco IOS) is loaded and running in Flash memory. See the
following section “Cisco IOS Operating Environments.”
• The proper configuration file is loaded into RAM. See the section “Configuration Files”
later in this appendix.
Cisco IOS Operating Environments
The access server has three distinct operating environments (see Table A-2).
Table A-2 Cisco IOS Operating Environments
The startup process of the access server normally loads and executes each of the operating
environments in turn.
RAM Stores the operating configuration (for example,
running-config), routing tables, caches, queues, packets, and
so forth
Shared packet memory Stores incoming and outgoing packets
Operating
Environment Prompt
Configuration
Register Usage
ROM monitor > 0x0 Failure or password recovery
Boot ROM Router(boot)> 0x1 Flash image upgrade
Cisco IOS Router> 0x2102 Normal operation
Memory Purpose
- About This Guide 1
- Document Organization 2
- Document Conventions 3
- Safety Warnings.” 4
- Overview of the Cisco 2500 5
- Access Server Services 7
- System Specifications 8
- System Specifications 10
- 2500 Series Access Server 11
- Safety Recommendations 12
- General Site Requirements 13
- Site Environment 14
- Preventive Site Configuration 14
- Power Supply Considerations 15
- Installation Checklist 16
- Creating a Site Log 17
- Cabling Considerations 17
- Distance Limitations 18
- Console Port Connections 20
- Auxiliary Port Connections 20
- Ethernet Connections 20
- • Slide latch connectors 21
- • Jackscrew connectors 21
- Inspecting the System 22
- • Warranty pack 23
- Access Server 25
- Required Tools and Parts 26
- Installing the Rubber Feet 27
- Rack-Mounting the Chassis 28
- 19-Inch Rack 29
- Telco Rack 30
- Wall-Mounting the Chassis 31
- Vertical 32
- Power supply 32
- Connecting to the Network 33
- RJ-45 to DB-25 adapter 36
- Connector plugged into the 36
- Access server 36
- Modem or terminal 36
- AUX SER 0 ETH 39
- Configuring the Cisco 2500 41
- Additional Publications 42
- Contacting Customer Service 42
- • WWW: http://www.cisco.com 43
- • Telnet: cio.cisco.com 43
- • Chassis serial number 43
- • Maintenance contract number 43
- • Phone: 32 2 778 42 42 44
- • Fax: 32 2 778 43 00 44
- • E-mail: [email protected] 44
- Configuring the Access Server 45
- Router> enable 46
- Configuring the Access Server 47
- Checking Your Settings 57
- Internetworking Primer 59
- • Internal memory components 60
- • Command modes 60
- • Configuration files 60
- ROM Monitor 62
- Boot ROM 62
- Cisco IOS 63
- Command Modes 63
- EXEC Modes 64
- User EXEC Mode 64
- Privileged EXEC Mode 64
- Configuration Mode 65
- Configuration Files 66
- LANs and WANs 67
- LAN Technologies 69
- Ethernet LANs 70
- Configuring Ethernet 70
- Token Ring LANs 70
- Configuring Token Ring 71
- LAN Addressing 71
- WAN Technologies 72
- WAN Physical Layer (Layer 1) 73
- Master Clock Timing 73
- WAN Data Link Layer 74
- Point-to-Point WANs 75
- High-Level Data Link Control 75
- Point-to-Point Protocol 76
- Multipoint WAN Technologies 76
- • Fully meshed topology 77
- • Partially meshed topology 77
- Desktop Protocols 78
- Routed Protocol Design Goals 79
- Routing Protocols 81
- Internet Protocol 82
- IP Network Numbering 83
- IP Node Numbering 84
- IP Routing Protocols 84
- IP Directory Services 85
- IP Configuration Example 85
- IPX Protocol 86
- • IPX RIP 87
- • IPX enhanced IGRP 87
- • Novell Link State Protocol 87
- IPX Directory Services 88
- IPX Data Link Encapsulations 88
- AppleTalk Protocol 89
- AppleTalk Network Numbering 90
- AppleTalk Node Numbering 91
- AppleTalk Routing Protocols 92
- AppleTalk Directory Services 92
- • Configuring the Modem 95
- • Data transfer (TX/RX) 96
- • Modem control (DTR/DCD) 96
- Data Transfer (TX/RX) 97
- Modem Control (DTR/DCD) 98
- Configuring the Line 99
- Security Commands 99
- Global commands 99
- Line security options 100
- Communicating with the Modem 101
- Testing the Modem Connection 102
- Configuring the Modem 103
- Locking EIA/TIA-232 Speed 104
- Correct DCD Operation 104
- Other Modem Settings 105
- Best error correction 105
- Best data compression 105
- Answering calls 105
- Proper DTR Interpretation 105
- Initializing the Modem 106
- Asynchronous Protocols 107
- The EXEC Session 108
- Launching Autoselect 108
- Configuring Asynchronous Ports 109
- Modem Configuration 110
- Configuring PPP, SLIP, and ARA 110
- Serial Line Internet Protocol 112
- Configuration Example 113
- Maintaining the Cisco 2500 115
- Series Access Server 115
- Opening the Chassis 116
- Screw Slot 117
- Flat-blade screwdriver 117
- CODE 1 CODE 0 118
- • Two boot PROMs 119
- Upgrading the Boot PROMs 120
- • ESD-preventive wrist strap 122
- Replacing System-Code SIMMs 124
- Closing the Chassis 126
- Replacing the Cover 127
- > o/r 0x042 129
- Press RETURN to get started! 129
- • Recover a lost password 132
- • Enable or disable Break 132
- > b [tftp] flash filename 134
- Copying to Flash Memory 137
- Cable Specifications 139
- EIA/TIA-232 143
- EIA/TIA-449 146
- Token Ring Pinout 156
- Pin 1 and pin 8 161
- Translated Safety Warnings 163
- Jewelry Removal Warning 164
- Installation Warning 166
- TN Power Statement 166
- Circuit Breaker (15A) Warning 167
- SELV Circuit Warning 168
- Power Supply Warning 171
- Lightning Activity Warning 173
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